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In the field of cryptography, authentication, secrecy and identification can be accomplished by use of secret keys for any computer-based system. The need to acquire certificates endorsed through CA to substantiate users for the barter of encoded communications is one of the most significant constraints for the extensive recognition of PKC, as the technique takes too much time and susceptible to error. PKC’s certificate and key management operating costs are reduced with IBC. IBE is a crucial primeval in IBC. The thought behind presenting the IBE scheme was to diminish the complexity of certificate and key management, but it also gives rise to key escrow and key revocation problem, which provides access to unauthorised users for the encrypted information.

This paper aims to compare the result of IIBES with the existing system and to provide security analysis for the same and the proposed system can be used for the security in federated learning.

Furthermore, it can be implemented using other encryption/decryption algorithms like elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) to compare the execution efficiency. The proposed system can be used for the security in federated learning.

As a result, a novel enhanced IBE scheme: IIBES is suggested and implemented in JAVA programming language using RSA algorithm, which eradicates the key escrow problem through eliminating the need for a KGC and key revocation problem by sing sub-KGC (SKGC) and a shared secret with nonce. IIBES also provides authentication through IBS as well as it can be used for securing the data in federated learning.

Entrepreneurs and their ventures face innumerous constraints (e.g., lack of funding, lack of business skills, and lack of social support) since the moment business opportunities are identified and chased, until the venture comes to reality. Scholars have conceptualized constraints as obstacles in nature, that is, as always undermining entrepreneurs’ behavior. Nonetheless, prior research has presented conflicting results. Specifically, a same constraint may or may not have a negative effect on entrepreneurs’ action. As advanced by Van Gelderen, Thurik, and Patel (2011), this suggest that “the nature of [entrepreneurial] problems is essentially evaluative, and therefore subjective.” Accordingly, a same constraint may be seen as a problem by one person but not by another. This chapter explores the evaluative nature of entrepreneurial constraints. Based on the cognitive appraisal framework (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) – which argues that constraints are not the direct precipitating cause of a behavior, but rather the person’s appraisal of challenge and threat that determines the response – this chapter argues that distinct appraisals (i.e., challenge vs threat) of a same entrepreneurial constraint will be associated with distinct degrees of effort from entrepreneurs (i.e., enhanced vs reduced, respectively). This chapter provides a useful framework for entrepreneurship scholars to study the nuanced effect of entrepreneurial constraints on entrepreneurs’ behavior.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an occlusive atherosclerotic disease that affects blood vessels and reduces blood flow in the lower limbs. It is estimated that around 200 million people worldwide suffered from it, with a significant number of older people affected. Walking is one of the first-line therapeutic measures for intermittent claudication (IC) in patients with PAD. Supervised Exercise Therapy (SET) programs effectively increase walking distances, however, remain an underutilized tool because they are not readily available in most clinical centres, are extremely expensive, and patient participation is low mainly due to socioeconomic constraints. Home-based Exercise Therapy (HBET) programs are an effective and low-cost alternative to improve both the functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) of patients with IC, as they are performed in the patient’s area of residence and not in the hospital. The WalkingPad program conciliated a smartphone app – the WalkingPad app – with behaviour change intervention to increase walking distances and decrease walking impairment as well to improve QoL at 6 months.

This study contributes to the understanding of the health effects of pesticides exposure and of how pesticides have been and should be regulated.

This study presents literature reviews for the period 2000–2013 on (i) the health effects of pesticides and on (ii) preference valuation of health risks related to pesticides, as well as a discussion of the role of benefit-cost analysis applied to pesticide regulatory measures.

This study indicates that the health literature has focused on individuals with direct exposure to pesticides, i.e. farmers, while the literature on preference valuation has focused on those with indirect exposure, i.e. consumers. The discussion highlights the need to clarify the rationale for regulating pesticides, the role of risk perceptions in benefit-cost analysis, and the importance of inter-disciplinary research in this area.

This study relates findings of different disciplines (health, economics, public policy) regarding pesticides, and identifies gaps for future research.

This paper aims to improve upon the performance of magnetic fluid‐based squeeze film between transversely rough curved annular plates by embarking on a comparative study of the geometrical structure of the curved annular plates.

The objectives are met by mathematically modeling a magnetic fluid‐based squeeze film between transversely rough curved annular plates. The standard method is to solve the associated Reynolds' equation with appropriate boundary conditions by describing the random roughness through a stochastic random variable with non‐zero mean, variance and skewness. Results for bearing performance characteristics such as pressure distribution and load‐carrying capacity are numerically computed. In order to analyze the quantitative effect of the roughness, different geometrical structures of surfaces have been considered and the results are compared.

Certainly, the performance of the bearing with the magnetic fluid lubricant is comparatively better than the conventional lubricant. The findings indicate that although the effect of roughness is adverse in general, the adverse effect introduced by roughness and aspect ratio can be compensated for, to a considerable extent, by the positive effect of magnetization parameter in the case of negatively skewed roughness by choosing the curvature parameters properly.

From the industry point of view, this investigation will be definitely useful for improving the performance of the squeeze film based on magnetic fluid between transversely rough curved annular plates by minimizing the effect of roughness. Furthermore, it offers an additional degree of freedom from a design point of view in the form of the geometrical structure of the surfaces.

The paper presents significant information as it compares shapes and offers suggestions for the best improved performance from a bearing's longevity point of view. This study presents an approach for the enhanced performance of the magnetic fluid‐based squeeze film between transversely rough curved annular plates.

US citizens who attend international medical schools (US IMGs) are more likely to be of Hispanic, Black American, or Asian descent compared to US medical students. As physicians, US IMGs contribute diversity to the health-care workforce; their experiences and perspectives have improved the health outcomes for populations typically underserved. To become a competent medical professional is a challenging experience, especially for IMGs who may have entered medical school with less than optimal academic histories. During this journey, some students develop academic and clinical deficiencies. Addressing these deficits through remediation interventions are critical to the student’s performance as a physician. This study measured the resiliency, self-efficacy, and self-compassion of IMGs who completed remediation while in medical school. Results indicate older students experienced failure more often and were found to have significantly higher levels of self-compassion compared to younger students. Males were assigned significantly more remedial interventions compared to the female participants. Finally, strong positive correlations suggested that the more remediation interventions students were provided, the more likely they were satisfied with their overall remediation experience. These findings indicate that by varying support strategies and encouraging student’s orientation to resiliency, self-efficacy, and self-compassion may assist them in overcoming their deficits.

Efforts have been directed to study the magnetic fluid based squeeze film behaviour between rotating porous circular plates with a concentric pocket. The porous housing is considered to be elastically negligibly deformable with its contact surface rough. The stochastic film thickness characterizing the roughness is assumed to be asymmetric with non‐zero mean and variance. Expressions for pressure distribution, load carrying capacity and response time are obtained in closed form. These expressions are numerically computed and the results are presented graphically as well as in tabular form.

The purpose of this paper is to give a comprehensive description of various safety factors that need to be determined while assessing the short‐circuit strength of transformers.

Factors of safety are divided into two categories: radial and axial. Some of the latest approaches in assessing the strength are elaborated.

Six major sets of calculations are identified: three each for radial and axial electromagnetic forces. Corresponding factors of safety are defined and calculated for practical transformers. These factors are related to the strength and stability aspects of windings.

The work gives pointers for further research at appropriate places while highlighting the challenges involved in the assessment of the short‐circuit strength.

The presented overview of the factors of safety can be a useful guide for the practicing transformer engineers.

The main contribution of the reported work is in highlighting the intricacies associated with the subject of short‐circuit strength of power transformers. It can serve as a reference document for future research works in the area since the procedures are outlined for calculating the factors of safety through six case studies.

Modelling has been a mainstay of conventional planning support tools (PSTs) since the 1960s and is instrumental in transport and land use planning decision-making. Numerous studies have been conducted to model the potential impacts of emerging vehicle automation and sharing technologies. A systematic review of recent modelling studies of autonomous and shared vehicles in the research literature examines the extent of their contribution to ‘smart’ mobility knowledge. The findings suggest a limited knowledge base from which to support future planning. PSTs that can offer more pluralistic, discursive, and transparent methods in order to understand and proactively shape a transition to a planned urban future are also needed.